All boules must be cut from the same tree and are described as unedged boards. By its nature, wood is not of uniform consistency and therefore will contain defects that impact the appearance of the lumber that is created from the wood material, and which may impact the structural characteristics as well. The majority use case for softwood lumber is for what is characterized as construction lumber, which may be further subdivided into stress-graded, nonstress-graded, and appearance lumber. The upper or highest grades are designated as FAS (Firsts and Seconds), FAS/1F (FAS-One-Face) and Sel (Selects). The American Hardwood Export Council (https://www.ahec.org/) has developed The Illustrated Guide to American Hardwood Lumber Grades which provides the basis for the grading system, measurement standards, and descriptions of the characteristics and defects associated with the ten of the common hardwoods in use. The best grade is FAS and it must be 83% clear or clearer on the poorest side. Appearance lumber is judged mainly by the overall visual quality, whereas stress-graded or nonstress-graded lumber is more concerned with the structural integrity of the wood. The irregular appearance lends itself well to projects with a rustic feel and can be quite eye catching. There are specific terms and definitions that are used in the grading of lumber, a few of which are summarized here for convenience: Board foot – defined as the product of the width of the board by the thickness (both in inches) multiplied by the length of the board in feet. Hardwood lumber is generally more expensive than softwood lumber, driven by a more limited supply from the slower rate of tree growth and the value of the strength of the material. An Overview of Lumber Grades and Wood Quality. OK.. got that, on to the next jargon. Timber grades are classified into two basic groups according to the intended use: Beams & Stringers, and Posts & Timbers. Hardwood Lumber Grading Explained “Wood is a natural material and by its very nature may contain different characteristics and defects that need to … Grades are not determined by gut reactions to what a person thinks the grade should be, but actual measurements of clear sections and definitions for defects. A summary of the grade designations appears in Table 5 below: Minimum Yield or Usable Material on One Face. Thomas Register® and The common grades, Number 1 Common and Number 2 Common, are suitable for kitchen cabinetwork, furniture parts, and plank and strip flooring. So, the highest grades provide the largest or longest clear pieces for use, while the lower or common grades require additional cuts to obtain clear pieces, which thereby will tend to be shorter or smaller. It is as near to perfect as possible for a natural material. Through good silviculture management, New Zealand pine logs come in a range of qualities capable of yielding lumber grades to meet almost any requirement. Character is grade 3, but this does not mean it is a poor product. Have tight knots but larger in size than the No. Stress graded unseasoned timber (Wet Graded) can be used for some load bearing applications e.g Agricultural Purlins and can be used for other uses where the thickness is 100mm or above. The next grade is No. For sizes 2”x5” through 4”x18”. Contains larger and more numerous knots. Lumberis a wood product, sawn and shaped from timbers of harvested trees. Stress grades are known by either: As the name and the ‘A’ designation suggests, this is the highest grade of oak. These trees contain vessels that serve as a transport mechanism for water, and exhibit pores on their surface which results in more intricate and interesting looking grains patterns in these woods, depending on the pore size. The stress grade will depend on the natural properties and characteristics of the species (e.g. Founded in 1898, the NHLA helped establish order within the industry by developing a standardized system of ascertaining the quality of hardwood lumber.
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